BAU Production in the SN-Breaking Standard Model

Abstract

The violation of charge-parity symmetry and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are two of the most significant unresolved problems in physics. This article presents further research on the CP violation problem in the Standard Model with 32 candidate sets of the 10 “natural” parameters that exhibit the same Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa performance. These parameters are considered “natural” because they consist solely of the Yukawa couplings and the vacuum expectation value of the unique Higgs doublet in the Standard Model. Then, the problems of CP violation and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are investigated by using the Jarlskog measure of CP violation, ΔCP=J(mt2−mc2)(mt2−mu2)(mc2−mu2)(mb2−ms2)(mb2−md2)(ms2−md2)/T12, given that CP symmetry is violated following the breakdown of SN symmetries. Subsequently, numerical tests are performed in a simplified scenario where eight of the ten parameters are assumed to be fixed by two assumptions, and the remaining two parameters are allowed to vary from the S2-symmetric point (x,y)=(−1,1) to their current values in all 32 parameter sets. To estimate the enhancement of CP violation in such processes, a ratio RΔ≡ΔCP/ΔCP(0) is proposed between the running ΔCP and its current value, denoted by ΔCP(0), which is approximately 10−20. In all 32 cases, the three-dimensional plots of RΔ exhibit many regions that stick out of the RΔ=1010 plane, especially in regions very close to (x,y)=(−1,1). These results demonstrate that the SN-breaking Standard Model is already sufficient to violate CP symmetry explicitly and generate a significant amount of baryon asymmetry of the universe. Furthermore, it solves existing problems without creating new ones, at least in the scenario presented in this article.