Abstract
Depleting oil reserves and environmental concerns on emission have heightened the search for alternative energy sources and efficient electrochemical energy systems through renewable energy sources. Technological advancements in the field of automation, robotics, communication, nanotechnology, electrification and hybridization of vehicles as well as the push for renewable energy sources have broadened the scope of opportunities for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems (ESS). These new technologies place a growing demand on compact, safe and higher capacity batteries to enable functionality. Battery technology for different needs and application have become an indispensable aspect of sustainable development in the quest for renewable energy and global sustainable carbon emission reduction. This paper briefly looks at the integrated nature of batteries to human day to day activities, the current state and impact of battery technology, future of energy storage systems and an analysis of battery storage systems for sustainable industrialization.
Highlights
Battery powered electric vehicles possess the potential to becoming the most disruptive technologies of the 21st century which can alter the economy of two of the worlds’ largest industries: automobile and petroleum (Sprague, 2015)
The lithium anode is consumed invested by cooperation’s towards research and manufacturing and sulfur transformed into a variety of chemical that will tackle the challenge of range, safety, energy density to weight, charge time and cost which are currently associated compounds; during charging, the reverse process with the Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery system (Walford, 2019)
Lithium-Sulphur (Li-S) Batteries: Still in the Battery technology holds the key to meeting the concerns in the research stage, the Li-S battery uses a very light society
Summary
Battery powered electric vehicles possess the potential to becoming the most disruptive technologies of the 21st century which can alter the economy of two of the worlds’ largest industries: automobile and petroleum (Sprague, 2015). This paper is not focused on electric vehicle, it is worthy of note that the challenges outlined are but a magnification of bottle necks faced by the battery industry leading to wide areas of research for battery technologies that are safer in operation, store larger energy in shorter charge time and be made of materials that are abundant to reduce cost. The conversion is made possible due to the reaction taking place between the electrode (anode and cathode) material and electrolyte/electrolytic solution in Figure 1 (Pratik et al, 2015) This chemical process forms the principle of battery technology and shows that even with a vast array/types of batteries, they basically store electricity in the FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol 4 No 3, September, 2020, pp 366 - 369. NiCd batteries need intermittent maintenance (full discharge and charge cycles) in order to optimize their useful life (Michael, 2000)
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