Battery Storage for the Utility-Scale Distributed Photovoltaic Generations

Abstract

Batteries are essential for efficiently utilizing the energy from the photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, integration of batteries with PV plants at large scale needs more attention in terms of size, location, and times for the charging and discharging of the batteries. This paper addresses these aspects. It presents a mixed integer optimization using genetic algorithm for determining the optimum size and placement of battery-sourced distributed PV generation (B-SDPVG) in distribution networks. The total energy loss index is formulated as the main objective function and simultaneously, the bus voltage deviations and penetrations of the B-SDPVG are calculated. The yields from the PV plants are estimated using 15 years of weather data modeled with the aid of beta probability density function. Furthermore, a novel charge–discharge control model is developed for determining the choice of the charging and discharging of batteries at each hour. By considering different time varying voltage-dependent load models, the proposed algorithm is applied on the IEEE 33 bus and the IEEE 69 bus test distribution networks. The numerical results of two distribution networks with time-varying loads show the advantages of the proposed methodology. It was revealed that integration of battery storage and intelligent scheduling for charging and discharging of batteries produced much better results and improved the quality of distribution networks. The supply of power from the B-SDPVG during the peak load hours and at night was made possible for each load model. The proposed charge–discharge control model for scheduling the charging and discharging of the batteries was found dynamic. Results of this paper can be of potential importance in planning for the integration of battery storage in distribution networks.