Abstract
Series and parallel connections are simple to define in electrical terms, but underlying these basic concepts is a wealth of detail. The battery voltage determines the number of series connections and can have a significant effect on battery safety and reliability. Paralleling is used to increase system capacity and to add redundancy, but there are many pitfalls in designing a paralleled battery system. Adding to the confusion is the fact that a number of myths concerning paralleling have assumed ‘common wisdom’ status in the battery industry. This article discusses these issues, provides some basic insights into statistical battery reliability, and describes the way in which these concepts are likely to evolve with the emergence of advanced battery technologies such as lithium ion.
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