Abstract
The surface of Venus is one of the most challenging environments for the operation of spacecraft. With a surface temperature of around 460°C and a surface atmospheric pressure of 92 bar of carbon dioxide, conventional power technologies are not usable. A number of battery technologies can be adapted to the high-temperature environment. A new primary-battery technology for Venus surface operation is proposed, which uses the in situ carbon dioxide atmosphere as a reactant. This technology would allow high-specific-energy density and, thus, extend the operating time of a battery-powered Venus surface mission.
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