Bat-inspired cluster head selection and on-demand cluster head gateway routing for prolonged network lifetime in MANET

Abstract

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has its wide range of applications in data transmission between the nodes in a multi-hop fashion. This paper proposes a Bat Inspired Cluster Head Gateway (BICHG) protocol by combining a Bat Inspired Cluster Head Selection (BICHS) algorithm and On-demand Cluster Head Gateway (OCHG) routing protocol to overcome the clustering and routing issues in MANET. The BICHS elects the CHs based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of all the nodes in the network. The echolocation behaviour of the bat is utilised for CH selection. The routing is performed using OCHG routing protocol, where the CH is used for intra-cluster communication and the gateway coordinates the inter-cluster communication. The node with minimum number of hops and maximum utilisation is selected as the gateway. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.