Bathymetric mapping of shallow water using Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A Satellite Data. Case Study: East Madura’s Waters

Abstract

Bathymetric mapping was used to map the sea floor. The accurate and recent sea floor data are needed by many human activities such as for water transportation routes and off-shore infrastructure constructions. General in-situ mapping using multi/single beam echo-sounder is time consuming, high cost and difficult access to a remote area. Bathymetric mapping on shallow water near coastal area also facing a challenge when the in-situ mapping is difficult to be performed for the reason of the access of survey-ship. In this research, we proposed a new technique to map the shallow sea floor (less than 80 m of depth) using optical remote sensing satellite data by exploiting the Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A imageries. The bathymetric data estimated from these satellites then validated with in-situ measurement data collected in April and October, 2015. The range of absolute depth was 8.724 – 12.056 meter for Landsat 8 and 9.220 -11.149 meter for Sentinel 2. A promising result was obtained for Landsat 8 data with NMAE of 21.288% and wider range of estimated depth compared with obtained depth by Sentinel 2. Both samples point of remote sensing images failed to deal with water depth shallower than 8 m and deeper than 13 meters.