Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Mohammed Ahmed Jubair,Ahmed Jubair Mahmood,Ahmed Salih Al-Khaleefa,Yasir Amer Al-Jawhar,Salama A Mostafa,Ravie Chandren Muniyandi,Aida Mustapha,Mustafa Hamid Hassan,Moamin A Mahmoud,Hairulnizam Mahdin

doi:10.3390/sym11111409

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be described as a group of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary dynamic and independent infrastructure network or a central administration facility. High energy consumption is one of the main problems associated with the MANET technology. The wireless mobile nodes used in this process rely on batteries because the network does not have a steady power supply. Thus, the rapid battery drain reduces the lifespan of the network. In this paper, a new Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR) protocol is proposed to improve the energy usage of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in the MANET. The symmetry between OLSR of MANET and Bat Algorithm (BA) is that both of them use the same mechanism for finding the path via sending and receiving specific signals. This symmetry resulted in the BOLSR protocol that determines the optimized path from a source node to a destination node according to the energy dynamics of the nodes. The BOLSR protocol is implemented in a MANET simulation by using MATLAB toolbox. Different scenarios are tested to compare the BOLSR protocol with the Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and the standard OLSR. The performance metric consists of routing overhead ratios, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay which is applied to evaluate the performance of the routing protocols. The results of the tests reveal that the BOLSR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increases the lifespan of the network, compared with the CAABO, EBOLSR, and OLSR.

Highlights

In the world of computers, networking is defined as the electronic communication that occurs between one or more wireless or wired devices connected to each other for data sharing, resourceSymmetry 2019, 11, 1409; doi:10.3390/sym11111409 www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetrySymmetry 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW sharing, and file exchanging [1]
These parameters were altered to observe their effects on the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), E2E delay, Energy Consumption (EC), and Routing overhead ratio (ROR) of the Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR), Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols
That the figures below depict the effects of EC, ROR, and E2E delay parameters in different scenarios as the BOLSR protocol is focused on reducing energy consumption, overhead, and delay

Summary

Introduction

Symmetry 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW sharing, and file exchanging [1] This electronic communication occurs over long distances through sharing, file exchanging [1]. This electronic over long distances the use ofand routers, switches, and servers.communication. Hardware and occurs computer software devices,through such as the use of routers, switches, and Internet servers. Hardware and computer software devices, such as cables, radio, and satellites, are combined by the network. Hoc network refers to a single connection that does not use stations or routers and is mainly developed forsession transitory network connections. Inwireless this kindbase of network, or routers [2] An ad hoc network refers to a single session connection that does not use wireless base stations An ad[2]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion