Abstract

Long distance underwater acoustic propagation is of interest for a variety of applications including underwater navigation, yet modeling such propagation is challenging due to the large degree of environmental uncertainty. In this presentation, the propagation of 75 Hz center frequency maximum length sequence (MLS) signals emitted from a submerged source near Kauai and received at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) observatory are modeled with the Bellhop ray tracing and the Monterey-Newport Parabolic Equation (MNPE) models. The range-dependent sound speed environment is based on historical profiles from the World Ocean Atlas database and reanalysis data from the hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM). Bathymetry profiles along the axis of propagation are interpolated from the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) 2021 database and the Naval Oceanographic Office Digital Bathymetric Data Base Variable Resolution (DBDB-V) data product. Simulated channel impulse responses are compared to observations for transmission loss and signal coherence.

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