Abstract
Pollutant source apportionment is of great significance for water environmental protection. However, it is still challenging to accurately quantify pollutant loads at basin-scale. Refined analytical methods combined the pollution discharge coefficient method (PDCM), field observation, and numerical model (Soil & Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) to make quantitative source appointment in the Tuojiang River, a key tributary of the upper Yangtze River. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) were analyzed. Results showed that the urban sewage treatment plant point source has the largest contribution to COD, TN, and N-NH4+, while TP is mostly from the agricultural sources throughout the year. The total inflowing loads of pollution sources are significantly affected by rainfall. The overall pollution characteristics showed that pollutant loads present in different seasons are as follows: wet season > normal season > dry season. The month with the highest levels of pollutants is July in the wet season. Among the nine cities, the city that contributes the most COD, TN and N-NH4+, is Neijiang, accounting for about 25%, and the city that contributes the most TP is Deyang, accounting for 23%. Among the sub-basins, the Fuxi River subbasin and Qiuxihe River subbasin contribute the most pollutant loads. The technical framework adopted in this paper can be used to accurately identify the types, administrative regions and sub-basins of the main pollution sources in the watershed, which is conducive to management and governance of the environment.
Highlights
Water pollution is one of the most serious water environmental problems faced by many countries and cities
It is urgent to quantize the pollution sources loads for maintaining the sustainable ecological function of the Tuojiang River and the Combining the above analysis, fully considering the feature of pollutants, this study aims to: (1) propose a set of pollution source analysis technology based on the characteristics of different pollution sources. (2) calculate the load of Point sources (PS) directly inflow into the river using investigating and monitoring. (3) simulate the discharge quantity of Non-point sources (NPS) and PS
Since there are obvious differences between the PS and NPS, such as the pollutants produced and the approach of pollutants inflow into the river, pollution sources apportionment were divided into the pollutants emission calculation process and the contaminants loading simulation process
Summary
Water pollution is one of the most serious water environmental problems faced by many countries and cities. Exploring the topic of responsibility in water pollution is the foundation of ecological environmental control and protection [1]. Watershed water ecological environmental control and protection should be based on the source apportionment and control [2]. With the rapid development of the social economy, especially the industrial development and urban expansion, water pollutant sources become more diverse and complex [3,4,5]. The process of contaminants entering the river is characterized by complex mechanisms with irregular occurrence [6]. The inflow flux of point sources could be calculated based on monitoring data for the point sources with outlets directly entering the river [7]. Difficulties in streamflow loss make PS that outlets with a certain distance from the river
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