BASIC TILLAGE AND CROP ROTATION YIELD IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER VOLGA REGION

Abstract

We compared three main processing methods: moldboard plowing (PLN-3-35), flat plowing (KPG-2.2) to a depth of 20...22 cm, and shallow plowing (BDT-3) - 14...16 cm in the field crop rotation on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil. In autumn, after the main treatments, a loose addition of arable layer was noted - 1.22...1.27 g/cm3. By spring, the soil was compacted to 1.36...1.42 g/cm3. The rate of subsidence and compaction of the soil during moldboard plowing was higher than during flat and shallow ones. The supply of productive moisture in the arable layer of the soil before sowing winter crops for flat processing exceeded the moldboard plowing by 4.2 mm, and shallow plowing - by 3.0 mm. According to the moldboard plowing, a higher content of agronomically valuable (65.9%) and water-resistant (42.2%) aggregates was revealed in comparison with flat and shallow plowing. Biological processes in the soil were more active during moldboard plowing, which is associated with lower density and increased aeration of the arable layer. The transformation of linen was more active in the upper soil layer of 0.10 cm and less in the layer of 10.20cm under all cultures of crop rotation. The number of earthworms as an indicator of the biological condition of the soil, on the processing systems did not differ significantly, more of them were found under the clover, due to long time absence of machine processing. The increase in the number of weed seeds in the upper layer during flat and shallow plowing, and the clogging of crops on them is 1.5 times higher, compared to the moldboard plowing. The development of winter and potato plants was better by flat plowing, and spring grain and clover by moldboard plowing. In shallow plowing, the development ofplants was inferior to moldboard andflat plowing. In a whole, crop rotation yield in flat plowing was higher than in moldboard plowing by 0.55 t/ha, and in shallow plowing it was lower by 2.83 t/ha.