Basic Techniques to Investigate the Nanostructured Materials

Abstract

This chapter is to deliver the basic methods for the characterizations of nanostructured materials. There are different shapes of materials existing in the nanomaterials such as particles, sheets, roads, dots, balls and films. The crystalline structures and surface morphology of nanomaterials are clearly calibrated using advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical compositions and purity of materials are examined by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biological studies of nanomaterials are examined using bioactivity, anti-microbial activity and bio degradability. This review gives a comprehensive understanding of the physico-chemical and biological nature of the nanomaterials.