Basic Study on the Teaching in the Running Long Jump

Abstract

The present study was made to elucidate some factors which seemed to be involved in variable jumped distances of the running long jump by age and sex, and also to clarify age changes in these factors.Six hundred and thirty school children aged 8-12 years (second-sixth graders) were asked to perform the running long jump from an arbitrary approach distance. Out of these 630, 526 presented an ordinary movement pattern of taking-off on one leg and landing on both legs and were employed as experimental subjects. Fourteen factors were found by motion analysis to be involed in the jumped distance; 2 factors were by the physical structure of each child. These 16 factors were analyzed in terms of multiple regression.The results obtained here are as follows:1) Except for the 9-year-old children, approach velocity, jumping height, and angle of landing were found to be factors generally responsible for deciding the jumped distances.2) Generally, approach velocity tended to contribute more highly to the jumped distance than either the jumping height or the angle of landing.3) However, approach velocity tended to contribute less and jumping height tended to contribute more to the jump distance respectively, when both the male and female subjects were 10 years old or older. Approach velocity showed a tendency to contribute increasingly to the jumped distance and the angle of landing to contribute decreasingly to the jumped distance until the male subjects became 10 years old.4) In the 11-and 12-year-old males tested, the angle of the knee joint in the free leg at the moment of the take-off was found to be responsible for the jumped distance. In the 11-and 12-year-old females tested, on the other hand, the angle of the hip joint-toe line from the horizontal plane in the take-off and the angle of the both thighs in the touch-down were involved in the jumped distance.