Abstract
Trauma to a peripheral nerve trunk is a complex injury because it involves not only repair processes locally at the peripheral level, but it also engages repair and compensation mechanisms at central levels. The main actor is the fascinating and unique neuron with its supporting cells, which consist mainly of Schwann cells. In the neuron and in the Schwann cells, intracellular signaling mechanisms are initiated by the peripheral nerve injury and aim to turn the intracellular processes into a regenerative and proliferative state. The intracellular signaling mechanism is called signal transduction and works along the entire neuron, including the intracellular axonal transport system. A very delicate interaction occurs between the growth cones formed by the distal tip of the outgrowing axons and the environment into which the axons grow. A large number of changes occur in this environment due to the process of Wallerian degeneration caused by the injury. A thorough knowledge of the cellular and molecular repair mechanisms after peripheral nerve injury is the basis on which we can build new research with the aim to improve results after this devastating injury, because there are limitations in the pure surgical treatment of peripheral injury.
Published Version
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