Abstract
Cases of damage to structures in landslide areas in Poland, and sometimes construction catastrophes, occur most frequently in periods of intense precipitation (e.g. in 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2010). The greatest landslide risk occurs in mountainous areas in the Flysch Carpathians, and the number of landslides posing major problems exceeds 20,000. Terrain surface relief and geological structure including the tectonics, properties of the geological medium, presence of excessive water mostly due to intense precipitation, and human activity have an impact on landslide risk. This paper is aimed at presenting basic principles for the geophysical identification of landslides gained from experience in various regions of Poland, particularly in the flysch formations in the Carpathian Mountains. The geophysical methods which are of the greatest importance in the study of landslides are specified. Their advantages and limitations are presented. The principles of geophysical methods applied at the stage of designing and implementing research, processing and interpreting data, analysis of results, and their documentation are discussed.
Highlights
Recognition of landslide risk has been the subject of much research work
The existence of such a large number of recorded landslides in this area is influenced by the terrain surface relief and the geological structure including tectonics, the properties of the geological medium, the presence of excessive water mostly due to intense precipitation, and human activities
Jongmans and Garambois [15] classified these applications in terms of two general objectives: 1. Locating the boundaries of geophysical contrast within the geological medium affected by slide processes including the failure surfaces
Summary
Recognition of landslide risk has been the subject of much research work. Cruden and Varnes [1], Dikau et al [2], and Roy [3] described interesting presentations of landslide processes and landslide classifications. In Poland, cases of damage to buildings occur, sometimes involving catastrophic impacts on structures, most frequently in periods of intense precipitation (e.g. in 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2010). The greatest risk of landslides occurs in mountainous areas in the Flysch Carpathians, and the number of landslides posing major problems exceeds 20,000 [13, 14] (Fig. 1). The existence of such a large number of recorded landslides in this area is influenced by the terrain surface relief and the geological structure including tectonics, the properties of the geological medium, the presence of excessive water mostly due to intense precipitation, and human activities. There are occasional earthquakes in the Beskid Żywiecki and in the Pieniny Mountains which influence the activation of landslides [13]
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