Basic physics and technology of medical lasers

Abstract

Theodore Maiman created the first ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 Dr. Goldman, a dermatologist used a ruby laser to remove a tattoo. Medical lasers are now a multi-billion dollar industry. They are now commonly used in ophthalmology, dermatology, gynaecology and urology. Recent advances in very short pulse lasers are pushing their use in orthopaedics, dentistry and neurosurgery. The optical radiation emitted by lasers has the potential to damage the eyes and skin of patients and healthcare workers. There is also a risk of fires or explosions from lasers igniting flammable gases and the problem of inhalation of smoke with surgical lasers. The EU directive 2006/25/EC “Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at work Regulations” aims to detect adverse health effects and protect workers from the risk stated above by limiting the exposure levels to both eye and skin. Radiation Protection sections of Medical Physics departments in most hospitals are responsible for implementing the safety control mechanisms, training staff on laser safety and investigating any adverse events when either patient or staff are injured. This talk will cover the basic physics and technology of medical lasers. How different types of optical radiation are produced with different types of active media is explained. Further delivery methods to treat both soft and hard tissues are demonstrated. Delegates will be able to understand the characteristics of optical radiation emitted from different types of equipment and their effect on tissue. Delegates are advised to attend the next talk on quality and safety management.