Abstract
Early bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can double or triple survival from cardiac arrest.1 The COVID-19 pandemics caused fear of infection and negatively impacted on bystander CPR and ultimately on outcome.2,3 In Italy training centers stopped basic life support (BLS) courses during the first pandemic wave in March-June 2020, to then restart their activity, paying attention to infection prevention. Indeed, in June 2020, COVID-19 prevention strategies were described in a directive from the Italian Ministry of Health (Circolare n.21859), recommending specific interventions, as also indicated by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and American Heart Association (AHA),4,5 i.e.
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