Abstract
A critical analysis of the mean-field approximation is presented in Sect. 3.1 based on the natural orbital method in nuclear theory. It is shown that the nucleon density and momentum distributions cannot be simultaneously described within the Hartree-Fock method. Correlation methods in nuclear matter theory, such as the perturbation expansion and the hole-line or low-density expansion of the mass operator and related to them methods for study of finite nuclei (Brueckner theory, exp(S)-method) are described in Sect. 3.2. Various correlation methods (that of Brueckner, Eden, Francis [3.68], Jastrow-type methods, the two-body correlation operator method) are considered in Sect. 3.3.
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