Abstract
In 2014-2016 at the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture- Troyan, we followed the change in the qualitative composition of dry biomass from two-component grass mixtures. The grasslands with the mixture of Trifolium repens L. - Poa pratensis L. have the highest crude protein content (151.6 g kg-1 DM), mineral substances (75.6 g kg-1 DM) and crude fat (33.9 g kg-1 DM). The legume grass associated with perennial ryegrass forms forage matter with the highest carbohydrate amount (434.9 g kg-1 DM) and the lowest amount of crude fiber (269.8 g kg-1 DM). The biomass of Lotus corniculatus L. and Festuca rubra L. is the richest in Ca (19.1 g kg-1 DM), and the mixture of blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot has the highest dry matter content (909.7 g kg-1 DM). The biomass of blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot (16.99 MJ/kg DM) and red clover - meadow fescue (16.96 MJ/kg DM) is with the highest caloric values. Both mixtures have almost identical values regardless of the different botanical composition and the predominant component in the grassland. The mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Phleum pratense L. has the highest energy nutritional value (FUM - 0.71 kg DM and FUG - 0.66 kg DM), and the biomass of the blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot registered the lowest amount of exchange energy (7.30 MJ/kg DM), as well as the smallest number of feed units (FUM - 0.67 kg DM and FUG - 0.61 kg DM) in the dry matter. For the experimental period with the lowest values of gross energy (16.70 MJ/kg DM) are the mixed grasslands of Trifolium repens L.
Highlights
In mountainous and foothill areas of Bulgaria, artificial hay and pasture ecosystems are an important feed for ruminants
The crude protein amount in dry biomass of white clover and perennial ryegrass is lower by 49.7 g kg-1 DM and the crude fiber and dry matter index values are higher by 86.1 and 7.9 g kg-1 DM versus its mixture with Kenthucky bluegrass
In the first and second experimental year the mixed grassland of red clover and timothy-grass has the highest content of nitrogen-free extractable substances in the dry matter (379.3 and 429.6 g kg-1 DM) and in third the mixture of white clover pasture ryegrass (434.9 g kg-1 DM) In the second and fifth variants we observe an increasing regularity of the indicator from first to third vegetation
Summary
In mountainous and foothill areas of Bulgaria, artificial hay and pasture ecosystems are an important feed for ruminants. The exact analysis of the main chemical composition (Mihovski and Goranova, 2006) is essential for the evaluation of nutritional value and effective use (Naydenova and Katova, 2013; Bozhanska, 2017a) of the obtained feed. In this connection, Slavkova et al (2017) report a direct relationship between the general body state of ruminants and the protein, calcium and phosphorus content of grazing grassland. The composition of dry matter in mixed crops is characterized by a lower content of fiber components compared to individual grass and legume monocultures (Naydenova et al, 2015), and the energy value of grass biomass gives a real estimate of the productive potential and a balance between the quantity and the quality of components in artificial grass associations (Bozhanska, 2017b). The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of feed biomass derived from artificial ecosystems, including basic chemical composition and energy nutritional value of two-component grasslands
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