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Abstract
Through field investigation and test, the distribution characteristics, formation conditions, and starting mode of the typical mine debris flow in Tieshanzhang Mining Area were studied, and the density, flow velocity, flow, and other dynamical parameters of the debris flow were calculated based on the dynamic principle, which provided a reliable basis for the design of debris flow prevention engineering. The results showed that the debris flow was currently in the development stage, belonged to the rainstorm gully-shaped, high-frequency, non-viscous, mining slag debris flow, and its starting mode was collapsing-jamming-bursting type. From the topography point of view, large relative height difference of the gully basin, steep terrain, and large longitudinal slope of the gully helped the formation and starting of the debris flow; from the source point of view, arbitrary discharge of large-scale mining waste provided a rich loose solid source for the debris flow; heavy rainfall brought by landing of typhoon was a trigger for the debris flow.
Highlights
The long-term disorderly mining of mine and random discarding of waste rock and waste soil results in widespread development of geological disasters in Tieshanzhang Mining Area
The mine has been mined since 1958 and in normal mining phase by 1984, during which the mining slag was dumped randomly due to a lack of understanding of geological disasters; during 1985–2005 large-scale private mining activities took place (Photos 1 and 2), the mine was in the disorderly mining phase, which exacerbated the development of geological disasters; the mining ceased in 2005
The gully deposit was obviously the mining waste slag produced by exploitation of iron ore, indicating that it mainly came from the upper reaches of the mining area, where the clastic fragments were carried to the debris flow gully after years of scouring by constant water
Summary
Tieshanzhang Mining Area is a medium-sized iron ore mining area in Xingning City, Guangdong Province, China. The mine has been mined since 1958 and in normal mining phase by 1984, during which the mining slag was dumped randomly due to a lack of understanding of geological disasters; during 1985–2005 large-scale private mining activities took place (Photos 1 and 2), the mine was in the disorderly mining phase, which exacerbated the development of geological disasters; the mining ceased in 2005
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