Baseline heart rate as a key prognostic indicator in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing successful primary PCI

Abstract

Abstract Background Cardiogenic shock presents as a critical condition in patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Even that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become widespread, the mortality rate of AMI complicated with cardiogenic shock remains high. However, comprehensive prognostic stratification remains elusive. Objective Our study sought to elucidate the relationship between baseline parameters and prognostic outcomes in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock. Methods From the GETBACK-AMI multicenter retrospective registry encompassing 935 AMI patients who underwent primary PCI and attained TIMI 3 flow upon final angiography. There were 73 patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock were ultimately analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was all-cause mortality. Results Over a median follow-up duration of 425 days, 17 patients (23%) succumbed, of which 14 were in-hospital fatalities. Employing the Cox regression model, we identified that heart rate (HR) at the time of admission bore a potent and independent correlation with the primary endpoint (hazard ratio: 1.04 [95% CI: 1.01-1.06], p=0.002), even post-adjustment for various covariates. ROC analysis pinpointed an admission HR of 82 bpm as the threshold for the primary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier curves further highlighted a pronounced elevation in the primary endpoint occurrence rate for patients with HR > 82 bpm compared to those with HR < 82 bpm (53% vs. 13%, p=0.0002). Conclusions Within our multicenter study cohort, a heightened admission HR was demonstrably linked to increased mortality in AMI patients with cardiogenic shock who reached a final TIMI 3 flow. This readily accessible and impactful prognostic marker may guide clinicians in identifying high-risk patients, subsequently allowing for enhanced support and interventions to optimize patient outcomes.