Abstract
BackgroundThe Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) is a measure of diet quality that examines conformance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The objectives of this study were to estimate baseline diet quality of predominantly low-income minority children using the HEI-2010 and to identify the most important HEI components to target for dietary intervention.MethodsTwo or three baseline 24 h dietary recalls were collected in-person or over telephone between May 2012 and June 2014 from 1,745 children and adolescents from four randomized clinical trials in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium. Nine adequacy and three moderation food components were calculated and averaged to determine overall HEI scores. The overall HEI-2010 scores were categorized as ≥81, 51–80, or ≤ 50 based on the HEI-2005 classification. For each study, mean overall and component HEI scores were estimated using linear regression models.ResultsMean (95% CI) overall HEI scores ranged from 47.9 (46.8, 49.0) to 64.5 (63.6, 65.4). Only 0.3 to 8.1% of children and adolescents had HEI-2010 score ≥ 81. The average component score for green and beans was less than 30% of maximum score for all trials. In contrast, the average component score for protein, dairy (except for IMPACT), and empty calories (except forIMPACT) was more than 80% of maximum score.ConclusionsBased on HEI-2010 scores, few children and adolescents consumed high quality diets. Dietary interventions for children and adolescents should focus on improving intakes of green vegetables and beans.Clinical trial registry numbersGROW study (clinical trial # NCT01316653); NET-Works study (clinical trial #NCT01606891); Stanford Goals (clinical trial #NCT01642836); IMPACT (clinical trial # NCT01514279).
Highlights
The Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) is a measure of diet quality that examines conformance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
This paper reports the baseline dietary quality of children and adolescents in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium
The children in the Vanderbilt University (GROW) and GOALS Studies were mostly Hispanic; whereas, the IMPACT Study was mostly African American children and the NETWorks study had a mix of non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks and Hispanics
Summary
The Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) is a measure of diet quality that examines conformance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI is designed to assess conformance with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans [4, 8]. It is updated every 5 years based on refinements to the U.S Dietary Guidelines. Guenther et al used exemplary menus and 24-h dietary data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the validity and reliability of the HEI-2010 [9]. Analysis of the four exemplary menus produced very high HEI 2010 scores (87.8–100) validating the ability to identify high diet quality [9]. The HEI 2010 overall and components scores were independent of energy intake [9]
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