Abstract
Improved seismic performance objectives (Immediate Occupancy and Continued Operation) set by owners of high-tech manufacturing facilities have resulted in increased use of supplemental damping and base isolation designs. This article reviews the design and construction process of industrial base isolated buildings with focus on code requirements, design and analytical methodologies, and constructability challenges. Due to velocity/displacement dependent behavior of base isolation systems, the building code (IBC/ASCE-7) requires performing a Non-Linear Time History (NLTH) analysis to determine the seismic loading on the base isolated structure. However, due to the complexity of NLTH and because the superstructure must be essentially elastic, the code also permits performing a staged analysis. The staged analysis consists of: 1) performing a linear (modal) analysis of the superstructure to determine the lumped-mass dynamic characteristics of the building, 2) performing a NLTH analysis of the isolation system and superstructure to determine system forces, displacements, and base shears, 3) performing superstructure design using a linear (modal) analysis with scaled base shear forces, and 4) designing the base isolator footings and support framing to resist the system design displacements and resulting forces. The required series of time history analyses are performed for a suite of time history records, each scaled to the Design Earthquake (DE) and the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE), variations of upper bound and lower bound isolator properties, and position of center of mass at each floor. A case study of a multi-stage analysis, design, and construction of three concrete industrial buildings built on a single base isolation slab is presented to discuss details and challenges related to design and construction of isolator selection, mounting, and support, as well as the design criteria for utility displacement compatibility at the isolator moat, and reduced equipment and contents anchorage requirements.
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