Abstract
Basalt fibers produced from a single component raw material, rocks of basic or medium compositions, possess a combination of physicochemical and physicomechanical properties allowing use of them as a reinforcing filler for a broad range of composites such as basalt plastics and dispersion reinforced cement and other parts. The temperature range of use of basalt fibers is very wide, from -269 to +700-900{degrees}C, while for aluminoborosilicate glass fibers it is from -60 to +450{degrees}C. For the first the hygroscopicity does not exceed 1% while for the second it reaches 20 %. In chemical resistance basalt fibers belong to the first hydrolytic class. In acid and alkali resistance they surpass glass fibers by 1.3-1.7 and 1.2-1.4 times, respectively. The tensile strength of the basalt fibers is 80-400 MPa (crude), 400-800 MPa (fine staple), and 2,000-2,200 MPa (continuous) and the elastic modulus is 8.7-10{sup 4}-1.0-10{sup 5} MPa, which is 1.3-1.5 times greater than that of alumino-borosilicate fibers.
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