Baryon number probability distribution at finite temperature

Ke-Xin Sun,Wei-Jie Fu,Rui Wen

doi:10.1103/physrevd.98.074028

Ke-Xin Sun, Wei-Jie Fu + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.074028

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Abstract

The probability distribution of the net baryon number is investigated within the functional renormalization group approach. We find that the Roberge-Weiss periodicity related to the Z(3) symmetry of the gluon fields results directly in that, states of the net baryon number $N_B=N\pm 1/3$ with $N\in\mathbb{Z}$ are prohibited, and only those of $N_B=N$ are possible. By employing the probability distribution of the net baryon number, we also compute the cumulants of the baryon number distribution, which are found to be well consistent with those obtained from the generalized susceptibilities. A question about the relation between the color confinement and the probability distribution of net baryon number is put forward.

Highlights

Studies of the QCD phase structure have attracted lots of attention in recent years
As we have shown in the section above, the thermodynamical potential for a system with an imaginary chemical potential is indispensable to the investigation of the net baryon number probability distribution in Eq (1)
We investigate the probability distribution of the net baryon number in the low-energy effective model within the functional renormalization group (FRG) approach

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Studies of the QCD phase structure have attracted lots of attention in recent years. The Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) aims to locate the critical end point (CEP) of the QCD [1], which separates the first-order phase transition at high densities from the continuous crossover at high temperature in the phase diagram [2]. Nonperturbative continuum functional approaches, such as the Dyson-Schwinger equations [15,16,17] and the functional renormalization group (FRG) [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37], as well as other low-energy effective theories, e.g., Refs. We will investigate the probability distribution of the net baryon number, which is intimately.

BARYON NUMBER PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

LOW-ENERGY EFFECTIVE THEORY WITHIN THE FRG APPROACH

CUMULANTS OF THE BARYON NUMBER DISTRIBUTION

NUMERICAL RESULTS

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONS