Abstract
BackgroundParticipation in bowel scope screening (BSS) is low (43%), limiting its potential to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of barriers to BSS and examine the extent to which these barriers differed according to non-participant profiles: non-responders to the BSS invitation, active decliners of the invitation, and non-attenders of confirmed appointments.MethodsIndividuals invited for BSS between March 2013 and December 2015, across 28 General Practices in England, were sent a questionnaire. Questions measured initial interest in BSS, engagement with the information booklet, BSS participation, and, where applicable, reasons for BSS non-attendance. Chi-square tests of independence were performed to examine the relationship between barriers, non-participant groups and socio-demographic variables.Results1478 (45.8%) questionnaires were returned for analysis: 1230 (83.2%) attended screening, 114 (7.7%) were non-responders to the BSS invitation, 100 (6.8%) were active decliners, and 34 (2.3%) were non-attenders. Non-responders were less likely to have read the whole information booklet than active decliners (x2 (2, N = 157) = 7.00, p = 0.008) and non-attenders (x2 (2, N = 101) = 8.07, p = 0.005). Non-responders also had lower initial interest in having BSS than either active decliners (x2 (2, N = 213) = 6.07, p = 0.014) or non-attenders (x2 (2, N = 146) = 32.93, p < 0.001). Overall, anticipated pain (33%) and embarrassment (30%) were the most commonly cited barriers to BSS participation. For non-attenders, however, practical, appointment-related reasons were most common (27%).ConclusionsInterventions to improve BSS uptake should be more nuanced and use targeted strategies to address the specific needs of each group.
Highlights
Participation in bowel scope screening (BSS) is low (43%), limiting its potential to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality
Results from the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy (FS) Trial showed that a single FS examination with removal of pre-malignant growths reduced CRC mortality by 43% and CRC incidence by a third [2]
A recent qualitative study conducted with BSS invitees identified a number of practical and psychological barriers to attendance, and concluded that it was not the presence of concerns about the test but rather the strength of these concerns that was most important in making the decision to participate [10]
Summary
Participation in bowel scope screening (BSS) is low (43%), limiting its potential to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. People from more socioeconomically deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds were significantly less likely to take part and, in contrast to CRC screening using the home-based guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBt), women were significantly less likely to attend BSS than men (42% vs 45%) [7]. This highlights an almost twofold gap between participation in BSS and both breast and cervical screening [8, 9]. A recent qualitative study conducted with BSS invitees identified a number of practical and psychological barriers to attendance, and concluded that it was not the presence of concerns about the test but rather the strength of these concerns that was most important in making the decision to participate [10]
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