Barrier Longevity of NaCl-Laden Soil against Subterranean Termites in an Earth Embankment

Ying Li,Dong-Zi Pan

doi:10.3390/su132313360

Abstract

Subterranean termite-induced damage to earth embankments in agricultural systems occurs globally. NaCl-laden soil barriers (NLSBs) are an environmentally sustainable termite control method, and have exhibited good potential in preventing termite-related tunneling damage in Zhejiang Province, China. The persistence of the NaCl concentration in NLSBs is a key characteristic for the long-term prevention of subterranean termite infestations. This study is a scientific attempt to estimate the field efficacy and barrier longevity of NLSBs in reservoir embankments based on the Richards equation and the convection–dispersion equation using HYDRUS (2D/3D). The observed and simulated NaCl concentrations at the end of a 1915-day simulation were compared. The results indicated that the proposed model performed well and can effectively characterize the water flow and salt transport in NLSBs. The salt desalination rate of the NLSB in the upstream slope was higher than that in the downstream slope, both of which were significantly higher than that at the embankment axis. Regardless of the type of embankment (homogeneous or core-wall), the barrier longevity of NaCl-laden soil against subterranean termites can reach 50 years with an optimized NaCl/soil ratio in different parts of the embankment.

Highlights

Numerous irrigation reservoirs have been built in the paddy farming regions of southern China to accommodate excess rainwater during the rainy season
90% of all of the reservoir embankments and river dams in the provinces in southern China that were at least years old exhibited some level of subterranean termite-induced damage [9]
We developed a simple NaCl-laden soil barriers (NLSBs) treatment for a post-construction earth embankment using casing-wells to backfill NaCl-laden soil, which acts as a barrier against subterranean termites

Summary

Introduction

Numerous irrigation reservoirs have been built in the paddy farming regions of southern China to accommodate excess rainwater during the rainy season. Most of these reservoirs have earth embankments with a high clay content, an appropriate soil pH value, and suitable particle properties that are attractive to termites that build nests and tunnels inside the reservoir embankment [1,2,3]. 90% of all of the reservoir embankments and river dams in the provinces in southern China that were at least years old exhibited some level of subterranean termite-induced damage [9]. The presence of termites in embankments and dams has been reported in India [15,16], Nigeria [17]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion