Abstract
mature and old-growth forest. Now the larger, more aggressiveBarred Owl appears to be negatively affectingSpotted Owl site occupancy (Kelly and others2003; Pearson and Livezey 2003; Gremel 2005; Ol-son and others 2005; Hamer and others 2007), re-production (Olson and others 2004), and survival(Anthony and others 2006). Throughout theirrange, Spotted Owl populations have been de-clining at approximately 3.7% annually from1985 to 2003, and these declines are most pro-nounced in the northern part of its range whereBarred Owls have been present the longest (An-thony and others 2006). In Gifford Pinchot Na-tional Forest, Washington, Barred Owls outnum-
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