Abstract
ABSTRACT This article explores the activity of foreign-born Jewish women in Liberal Italy and their role in shaping the secular civil society through their pioneering work in education, the professions, philanthropy and politics. As baronesses, radicals, and revolutionaries, they did not belong to a single organization nor were active in Jewish causes, but they functioned as vectors for different “internationals” of feminism, pacifism, socialism. Their marginality – as Jews, foreigners and women – made it possible for them to transcend barriers. Their trajectories force us to look beyond the national and Mediterranean area, and to include Russia and America within a continuous process of exchange. By showing how gender shaped the role of these women as vectors of internationalism – in a way that did not apply to men – this article engages in gendering Jewish internationalism.
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