Abstract
Abstract The baroclinic instabilities of double- and single-jet profiles prevailing at 45°N and 60°N in winter are investigated together with the classical constant shear model. It is found that they are unstable for all wavelengths and the spectrum of the unstable disturbances consists of a short-wave band which includes both the short surface cyclone waves and the much longer waves which occupy the entire troposphere, and a long-wave band composed of disturbances with their amplitudes oscillating in the troposphere but extending into the stratosphere and mesosphere, especially when the strength of the upper jet is relatively strong. The eigenvalues for the double-jet profile are determined almost entirely by the vertical shear in the troposphere, although the vertical structures of the long waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere are significantly influenced by the strength of the upper jet. On the other hand, the single stratosphere jet at 60°N is sufficiently unstable for long waves only when the max...
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