Abstract
The results of studying the effect of different forecrops and mineral fertilizers on the yield of barley in the conditions of chernozem soils of the Ulyanovsk region are presented. The research was carried out as part of a stationary field experiment in 2017-2019. The soil area is represented by leached medium-sized chernozem with the following characteristics: humus content - 6.22%, mobile phosphorus and potassium - 198.0 and 121.0 mg/kg, respectively, pHsol - 6.4, the sum of bases - 46.4 mg-eq./100 g. The scheme of the experiment provided for the analysis of the influence of previous crops when growing barley against the background of complex mineral fertilizer (NPK). It was found that the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil are higher on fertilized variants (155.4-166.0 mm). The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was higher in the pea forecrop and when using NPK - 53.0 mg/kg of soil. The greatest biological activity of the soil was observed for the forecrop peas against the background of NPK - 33.3%. The smallest number of weeds in crops was noted for the forecrop buckwheat both on the background of fertilizers and without them (20.7-25.7 pcs/m2). The yield of barley with the best quality indicators was higher than the forecrop peas against the background of NPK - 3.55 t/ha. The largest net income was received on fertilized variants: 7174-7212 rubles/ha, profitability 40.2-40.5%.
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