Abstract
The results of recent studies indicate the key role of nitrosative stress and protein oxidative damage in the development of morbid obesity. Nevertheless, the effect of bariatric surgery on protein oxidation/glycation and nitrosative/nitrative stress is not yet known. This is the first study evaluating protein glycoxidation and protein nitrosative damage in morbidly obese patients before and after (one, three, six and twelve months) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The study included 50 women with morbid obesity as well as 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We demonstrated significant increases in serum myeloperoxidase, plasma glycooxidative products (dityrosine, kynurenine, N-formyl-kynurenine, amyloid, Amadori products, glycophore), protein oxidative damage (ischemia modified albumin) and nitrosative/nitrative stress (nitric oxide, peroxy-nitrite, S-nitrosothiols and nitro-tyrosine) in morbidly obese subjects as compared to lean controls, whereas plasma tryptophan and total thiols were statistically decreased. Bariatric surgery generally reduces the abnormalities in the glycoxidation of proteins and nitrosative/nitrative stress. Noteworthily, in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS+), we showed no differences in most redox biomarkers, as compared to morbidly obese patients without MS (MS−). However, two markers: were able to differentiate MS+ and MS− with high specificity and sensitivity: peroxy-nitrite (>70%) and S-nitrosothiols (>60%). Further studies are required to confirm the diagnostic usefulness of such biomarkers.
Highlights
Obesity is the leading problem for public health worldwide
We found markedly higher values in body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), as well as in diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid (UA), urea, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) in morbidly obese patients as compared with lean controls, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were decreased
All parameters gradually returned to the reference range or improved (BMI, WHR) (Table 1)
Summary
Obesity is the leading problem for public health worldwide. This multifactorial disease increases the risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cancer [1,2]. Proteins are sensitive to oxidation and glycation The combination of both processes is often referred to as glycoxidation [10,11]. Glycoxidation of proteins causes their denaturation, fragmentation and aggregation as well as modification/loss of biological function [11,12]. This results in an increase in oxidation/glycation protein products and quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence [10]. There is few long-term studies evaluating redox homeostasis in obese people
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