Abstract
New drug delivery systems are a potential solution for administering drugs to reduce common side effects of traditional methods, such as in cancer therapy. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) can increase the drugs’ biological activity through high binding efficiency and magnetically targeted drug delivery. Understanding the adsorption and release process of a drug to the carrier material plays a significant role in research to generate an applicable and controlled drug delivery system. This contribution focuses on the binding patterns of the peptide lasioglossin III from bee venom on bare IONs. Lasioglossin has a high antimicrobial behavior and due to its cationic properties, it has high binding potential. Considering the influence of pH, the buffer type, the particle concentration, and time, the highest drug loading of 22.7% is achieved in phosphate-buffered saline. Analysis of the desorption conditions revealed temperature and salt concentration sensitivity. The nanoparticles and peptide-ION complexes are analyzed with dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, cytotoxicity experiments performed on Escherichia coli show higher antimicrobial activity of bound lasioglossin than of the free peptide. Therefore, bare IONs are an interesting platform material for the development of drug-delivery carriers for cationic peptides.
Highlights
The method of administering a pharmaceutical compound highly influences the therapeutic effect, efficiency, and drug safety [1,2]
Controlled drug delivery is attracting increasing attention due to the potential to carry a large drug dose to the target, which leads to a high local concentration and thereby high efficiency while avoiding toxicity [1,3–6] Z
bare IONs (BIONs) are characterized by particle size, size distribution, crystal structure, BET
Summary
The method of administering a pharmaceutical compound highly influences the therapeutic effect, efficiency, and drug safety [1,2]. Controlled drug delivery is attracting increasing attention due to the potential to carry a large drug dose to the target, which leads to a high local concentration and thereby high efficiency while avoiding toxicity [1,3–6] Z. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs), known as magnetite/maghemite or magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), are especially in the focus of this research field due to their non-remanent behavior, non-toxicity, and low-cost production [7–11]. 100 m2 /g, leading to a huge drug loading capability [12]. The classic synthesis route is coprecipitation via the Massart process. This method can be used to generate IONs with a size range between 4 and 16 nm that have a high magnetization of around 80 emu/g [9,13–15]
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