Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: An Atypical Phenotype in Brothers with a Proven BBS1 Mutation

Abstract

Background: To report the clinical findings in two brothers presenting with a pigmentary retinopathy and post-axial polydactyly, who were found to have a mutation in the BBS1 gene, confirming a diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Materials and Methods: Documentation of the clinical history, electrophysiological investigations, clinical examination and ocular findings of two brothers born to non-consanguineous white parents, with careful delineation of their clinical phenotypes. Screening of the BBS 1 gene on chromosome 11q13 by PCR-amplified exon alterations followed by direct sequencing was carried out to identify pathogenic mutations. Results: Although both probands had polydactyly and the characteristic ocular signs of BBS on both ophthalmological examination and electro-retinography, neither of them had dysmorphic facial features, obesity, hypogonadism, cognitive impairment, or renal anomalies. The first proband did have mild learning difficulties, although this did not restrict him in activities of daily living. Both probands were homozygous positive for the presence of a c.1169T > G (p.Met390Arg) mutation in BBS1. Conclusion: Although neither proband fulfilled the typical criteria for BBS, this diagnosis was confirmed on mutation analysis. These cases serve to highlight the degree of clinical variability observed in BBS which may be under-diagnosed in patients with milder phenotypes.