Abstract
The churchman and court servant, John Barbour (c. 1325–95) was author of the Older Scots poem,The Brus(which survives in two fifteenth‐century manuscripts: Cambridge, St. John's College, MS G.23 and Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland, MS 19.2.2). The c. 8000 line octosyllabic couplet poem, which was written c. 1375–77, has been variously classified as history, biography, epic, romance, and Bildungsroman. It draws on a variety of sources, including French romance, and presents the dual careers of its two main heroes, Robert I and Sir James Douglas, during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Its main themes of freedom and loyalty relate to this period and that in which the poem was composed (the reign of Robert II).
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