Abstract
This paper proposes a Dynamic Hybrid Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (DH-BPSO) algorithm to improve the bandwidth of an inverted-F antenna (IFA). The proposed algorithm improves upon the existing Artificial Immune System (AIS) algorithm by including a weighting factor that dynamically changes throughout the optimization. DH-BPSO activates or deactivates a 12 × 2 grid of parasitic patches incorporated between the IFA and ground plane. The DH-BPSO optimized and conventional IFAs are fabricated and compared while maintaining the same antenna volume. The measurement results show that the optimized IFAs have characteristics of 58.6% wider bandwidths and 5.8% higher antenna gain for various ground clearance lengths at Long Term Evolution (LTE) 700 MHz band compared to the conventional IFAs.
Highlights
For many years, designing broad bandwidth antennas has been of significant interest to meet ever increasing demand for a high data rate in wireless communication
The Artificial Immune System (AIS) global best (Gbest) algorithm in [38] is extended to implement local best (Lbest) and static hybrid approaches to provide a comprehensive comparison of the these algorithms with Dynamic Hybrid Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (DH-BPSO)
The DH-BPSO algorithm consistently reached the lowest minimum of any of the other algorithms. It discovered the lowest minimum quicker than the AIS Lbest algorithm, shown by the steeper slope of the Dynamic Hybrid BPSO (DHBPSO) convergence trace. These results indicate that dynamic hybrid algorithms such as DH-BPSO promise better performance on complex, difficult-to-optimize cost functions than static hybrid algorithms such as AIS Hybrid
Summary
For many years, designing broad bandwidth antennas has been of significant interest to meet ever increasing demand for a high data rate in wireless communication. The bandwidth is proportional to the antenna aperture size [1,2]. In the mobile device industry, the allowed antenna volume is often limited by the requirement of mechanical stability and industrial design. For this reason, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) became a commonly used compact design due to its ease of integration and omnidirectional radiation characteristic [3,4]. There is still a strong demand to increase bandwidth for a given volume. Little has been done in designing an IFA to improve bandwidth using an optimization algorithm
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