Balneability of the Municipality of São Luis – MA and the Influence of Rainfall Occurrences as an Externality Factor

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the bathing conditions, that is, the quality of the water intended for primary contact recreation on the beaches of Ponta D’areia, São Marcos, Calhau and Olho d’água located in the municipality of São Luís- Maranhão. Theoretical framework: This study was conducted based on theoretical reflections on environmental issues, the relationship between society and nature. Issues of water use for recreation, environmental policies regarding bathing and externalities that interfere with the quality of water for bathing and their impacts on the health of the population were analyzed. Method: To select beaches and water collection sites, the most intense flow of bathers and the risks of interference with water quality were taken into account. Data on bathing ability and average monthly precipitation were obtained to verify bathing conditions, in addition to information on effluent release points and urban drainage. Results and conclusion: It was observed that the main influence on the incidence of thermotolerant coliforms is the presence of sanitary effluents on beaches, this factor becomes visible in the rainy season and with the lack of sanitary infrastructure. Implications of the research: This research will contribute to public policy measures, helping decision-making to improve public and environmental health in the city of São Luís- MA. Originality/value: This study has socio-environmental and scientific value, as it relates bathing ability to externalities such as the lack of environmental sanitation and high rainfall in the region.