Abstract

This paper studies the specifications of balloons for the exploration of bodies with different atmospheric conditions. Three types of balloons, i.e., zero-pressure, super-pressure, and over-pressurized, with four different shapes, i.e., sphere, oblate, prolate, and airship, were analysed. First, the development of a simulation tool is described, which was used for analysing the behaviour of balloons for different exploration missions. Next, the developed software was verified by comparing its output with recorded data from a set of flights at the Esrange Space Center. Based on the simulation results, recommendations are given for different balloon types and shapes for operation on Mars, Venus, and Titan.

Highlights

  • Buoyant aerial vehicles are potential candidates for future space missions, as these vehicles can provide extensive, low-altitude geographical coverage over multi-month time scales with minimal power at low costs on planets and moons with a significant atmosphere [1]

  • The above-mentioned works are insightful for the ballooning community, but before implementing and studying the effects of such models for planetary balloon design, a tool needs to be developed, which can facilitate the study of balloons for bodies with different atmospheres

  • This paper described the performance of various design options for balloons on Mars, Venus, and Titan

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Summary

Introduction

Buoyant aerial vehicles are potential candidates for future space missions, as these vehicles can provide extensive, low-altitude geographical coverage over multi-month time scales with minimal power at low costs on planets and moons with a significant atmosphere [1]. Only the non-Beta test version of the tool is available for purchase It can simulate zero-pressure balloons within a limited set of environments, and it is not useful for detailed analysis of planetary balloons. The Buoyant aerobot design and simulation study (BADS) gives a good insight on planetary aerobots, but the tool itself, as mentioned by the developer, lacks a good stable mathematical core for flight simulation, and it is not useful for detailed analysis of planetary balloons [26]. The above-mentioned works are insightful for the ballooning community, but before implementing and studying the effects of such models for planetary balloon design, a tool needs to be developed, which can facilitate the study of balloons for bodies with different atmospheres. The paper focuses on the analysis and synthesis of balloons with different types and shapes for Mars, Venus, and Titan

Theoretical Model
Planetary Environment
Air and Gas Properties
Geometric Properties
Buoyancy
Equations of Motion
Envelope Temperature
Gas Temperature
Software Development
Balloon Design for Different Atmospheres
Balloons on Venus
Balloons on Mars
Balloons on Titan
Conclusions
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