Ballistic impact welding of copper to low carbon steel

Abstract

A method of ballistic impact welding pure copper to low carbon steel was developed based on the prediction of the critical parameters. The macro profile, microstructure, element distribution across the interface, and the mechanical properties of the welds were studied. It showed that a wavy bond profile was formed at the interface and no intermetallic layer was formed near the interface. The microstructures and the properties exhibited different characteristics in different areas with different distance to the interface for both the copper side and low carbon steel side. Moreover, the additional increase in temperature due to the viscous friction caused by the spinning of projectile between the spinning copper projectile and the low carbon steel results in a recrystallization annealing on the copper side.