Ballistic Impact Behavior of Nacre-Like Laminated Composites Consisting of B4C Tablets and Polyurea Matrix

Abstract

A nacre-like composite armor consisting of B4C tablets and polyurea matrix is modeled, and its ballistic impact behavior and penetration resistance (under a normal and a 15°-oblique impact by a solid right circular cylindrical projectile) were analyzed using a series of transient, nonlinear dynamic, finite-element analyses. Nacre is a biological material constituting the innermost layer of the shells of gastropods and bivalves. It consists of polygonal tablets of aragonite, tessellated to form individual layers and having the adjacent layers as well as the tablets within a layer bonded by a biopolymer. Due to its highly complex hierarchical microstructure, nacre possesses an outstanding combination of mechanical properties, the properties which are far superior to the ones that are predicted using the homogenization techniques such as the rule of mixtures. The results of the transient nonlinear dynamic analysis pertaining to the ballistic impact response and the penetration resistance of the modeled nacre-like armor are compared with their counterparts for the B4C single-block armor having an identical areal density. Furthermore, the effect of various nacre microstructural features (e.g., surface profiling, micron-scale asperities, mineral bridges between the overlapping tablets lying in adjacent layers) on the ballistic penetration resistance of the nacre-like composite armor is investigated in order to identify an optimal nacre-like composite-armor architecture having the largest penetration resistance. The results obtained clearly show that a nacre-like armor possesses a superior penetration resistance relative to its monolithic counterpart, and that the nacre microstructural features considered play a critical role in the armor penetration resistance.