Ballistic collective group delay and its Goos–Hänchen component in graphene

Abstract

We theoretically construct an experimental observable for the ballistic collective group delay (CGD) of all the particles on the Fermi surface in graphene. First, we reveal that lateral Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts along barrier interfaces contribute an inherent component in the individual group delay (IGD). Then, by linking the complete IGD to spin precession through a dwell time, we suggest that the CGD and its GH component can be electrostatically measured by the conductance difference in a spin precession experiment under weak magnetic fields. Such an approach is feasible for almost any Fermi energy. We also indicate that it is a generally nonzero self-interference delay that relates the IGD to the dwell time in graphene.