Abstract
Carbon-containing Fe-Mn alloys have been developed for the materials for stent application. The alloys fabricated by the powder metallurgy route retain a significant amount of porosity and require a longer sintering time. In this study, the corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of FeMnC alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy were investigated. The ball-milling process was applied to increase the sample density. Mn content was set to 25 or 35 wt.%, while 1 wt.% carbon was added to all samples. The austenite stability was independent of porosity and the ball-milling process, whereas hardness had a strong dependence on porosity and the ball-milling process. The corrosion resistance of FeMnC alloy depends mainly on the porosity rather than Mn content. The concentration of Fe ions was higher than that of Mn ions in all immersion times in the Ringer’s lactate solution. The released metallic ion concentration rate is also dependent on the porosity of the sample rather than Mn content. However, the ion concentration was lower than the upper intake limit. The extract of FeMnC alloy in Ringer’s lactate solution reduced cell viability. The ball-milled (BM) FeMnC alloys showed higher cell viability than the non-BM sample. However, the FeMnC alloy shows the same level of biocompatibility as SS316L. This result indicates that the FeMnC alloy has a suitable corrosion behavior and proven biocompatibility for biodegradable materials.
Highlights
Metallic biomaterials have attracted extensive attention for biodegradable material owing to their excellent mechanical properties compared with polymer-based materials [1,2].metallic biodegradable materials have been utilized for load-bearing devices in orthopedic, cardiovascular, and pediatric applications
Results show that carbon addition and the basic elements powder metallurgy (PM) (BEPM) method is an effective method for the fabrication of a stable austenitic FeMnC alloy
This study showed that carbon addition (1wt.%) might improve the stability of the austenite phase in FeMnC alloys
Summary
Metallic biomaterials have attracted extensive attention for biodegradable material owing to their excellent mechanical properties compared with polymer-based materials [1,2]. Fe-35% Mn [14] and Fe-35%Mn–Pd alloys [15] have been proposed as the materials for stent application with comparable mechanical properties along with a 316L grade stainless steel even, but these materials have a lower degradation rate than Mg alloy. Mouzou et al [16] and Conti et al [17] proposed to reduce Mn concentration while adding carbon Both researchers fabricated the alloy through a casting and metalworking process. Results show that carbon addition and the basic elements PM (BEPM) method is an effective method for the fabrication of a stable austenitic FeMnC alloy. The relationships among Mn content, fabrication method with the corrosion behavior, and cell viability behavior of FeMnC alloys should be evaluated. Corrosion behavior and detachment rate in FeMnC alloys fabricated via BEPM with the ball-milling process. The cell viability of the samples was investigated to clarify the biocompatibility of the materials
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