Balancing Sustainability and Strength: Analyzing the Effects of Textile, Tannery, and Water Treatment Sludge on Brick Performance

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating various industrial waste materials, specifically textile sludge, tannery sludge, and water treatment plant sludge, in brick production as a sustainable construction practice. The research analyses the impact of varying sludge proportions on the compressive strength of fired clay bricks. Results indicate an inverse relationship between increasing sludge content and compressive strength across all types. Bricks incorporating higher proportions of textile sludge exhibited a linear decrease in compressive strength, ranging from 0.1 MPa to a low of 0.005 MPa. Similarly, increasing the ratio of tannery sludge to fly ash Class C and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag within the brick mixture consistently corresponded with reduced compressive strength, with a 5:70:25 mix yielding 0.8 MPa and a 40:30:30 proportion resulting in 0.17 MPa. Water treatment plant sludge exhibited a similar trend. A mix proportion of 5:70:25 (sludge: fly ash class C: GGBS) yielded a compressive strength of 1.87 MPa while increasing the sludge proportion to 40:50:10 resulted in a lower compressive strength of 1.20 MPa. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach when incorporating industrial sledges in brick production. While beneficial from a sustainability perspective, the observed reduction in compressive strength, particularly compared to conventional clay bricks exceeding 2.5 MPa, necessitates careful consideration. Future research should focus on optimizing mix designs, incorporating performance-enhancing additives, or identifying applications where lower compressive strengths are acceptable to fully realize the potential of these waste materials in sustainable construction.