Balancing Asymmetric Dark Matter with Baryon Asymmetry and Dilution of Frozen Dark Matter by Sphaleron Transition

Arnab Chaudhuri,Maxim Yu Khlopov

doi:10.3390/universe7080275

Abstract

In this paper, we study the effect of electroweak sphaleron transition and electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in balancing the baryon excess and the excess stable quarks of the 4th generation. Sphaleron transitions between baryons, leptons and the 4th family of leptons and quarks establish a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th family excess and baryon asymmetry. This relationship provides an excess of stable U¯ antiquarks, forming dark atoms—the bound state of (U¯U¯U¯) the anti-quark cluster and primordial helium nucleus. If EWPT is of the second order and the mass of U quark is about 3.5 TeV, then dark atoms can explain the observed dark matter density. In passing by, we show the small, yet negligible dilution in the pre-existing dark matter density, due to the sphaleron transition.

Highlights

The origin of the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) has been met with great interest and passion throughout the last few decades; see [1,2,3]
Charged particles bind with electrons in such isotopes, while odd charged particles with charge −(2n − 1) bind with n the nuclei of primordial helium in positively charged “ion”, which binds with electron in anomalous hydrogen. This problem is avoided if only even, negatively charged particles are stable, bound with primordial helium in neutral dark atom. It was shown in the case of walking technicolor (WTC) that such −2n charged particles may be in excess over their antiparticles, and this excess is balanced with baryon asymmetry in such a way that dark atoms formed by techniparticles are in abundance, explaining the observed dark matter density
We have deduced a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th generation family excess and baryon asymmetry due to the sphaleron effects frozen out at the electroweak phase transition, as is clear from Equation (15) and Figure 1

Summary

Introduction

The origin of the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) has been met with great interest and passion throughout the last few decades; see [1,2,3]. It was shown in the case of WTC that such −2n charged particles may be in excess over their antiparticles, and this excess is balanced with baryon asymmetry in such a way that dark atoms formed by techniparticles are in abundance, explaining the observed dark matter density We study such a possibility for the case of new stable U-type quarks with electroweak charges of the standard model. The paper is organized as follows: we talk about the 4th generation family, defining a definite relationship between the value and sign of the 4th generation family excess, relative to the baryon asymmetry, which is due to the electroweak phase transition and possible sphaleron production being established This is followed by the calculation of the dilution factor of pre-existing dark matter density, followed by a general conclusion.

Dilution of Pre-Existing Dark Matter Density

Conclusions