Balance performance maintained during dual-task condition with a cognitive task across menstrual cycle

Abstract

BackgroundDual-task, performing a balance task and a cognitive task simultaneously, has been used as sport-related concussion assessment tool. However, the effect of dual task on balance performance remains controversial. Also, the fluctuation of hormone across menstrual cycle on balance and dual-task performance has not been fully examined.ObjectiveTo examine (1) the effect of dual task on balance performance, (2) the interaction of female sex hormonal level, balance, and dual-task performance.DesignA cohort study.SettingA laboratory of concussion research and services.ParticipantsA group of 49 healthy female college-aged students (age = 21.6 ± 2.0 years).Main outcome measuresThe Stability Evaluation Test (SET) protocol, Balance error scoring system (BESS) test and postural sway velocity (deg/sec) by using VSR SPORT force plate. Three auditory mathematics questions were given for each condition of the SET test. Two single-task conditions were provided, including balance only and math only. Balance test and math questions were given simultaneously during the dual-task condition.ResultsThere was no significantly statistically difference in BESS or sway velocity between single and dual task. However, the performance of math calculation is better in dual-task comparing to the single task (math only), with an 8%–12% higher rate of accuracy, but it didn't reach a statistical significance. The rate of accuracy during the dual task didn't vary among menstrual phases.ConclusionsBalance performance was maintained under dual-task conditions and fluctuation of female sex hormones across the menstrual cycle may not affect working memory and executive function. These findings are potentially clinically applicable to detecting balance deficits and cognitive alterations in female concussed individuals. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanism of balance maintenance and attention dividend under dual-task conditions.