Balance Control and Muscles Activity of An Elderly Retired Man During Different Focus of Attention Instructions

Amin Amini,Hossein Shirvani,Behzad Bazgir

doi:10.2174/1875399x02013010129

Abstract

Background: Good balance and muscle activity are essential to do daily activities. Recent studies have focused on the relations between balance and attention patterns. The study of the balance and muscle activity of people in different patterns of attention can clarify the nature of the effect of attention instructions. Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the changes in different focus of attention instructions and quality of balance control and muscle activity in the elderly retired. Methods: Thirty elderly retired men [mean age: 51.6 ± 6.4 years] were recruited for this study. Subjects were selected through the berg balance test. Balance control ability [Biodex Balance System] and muscle activity [electromyography system] were assessed in two conditions, internal attention and external attention task. The data obtained were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: Body sway and muscle activity parameters were correlated with different patterns of attention. During external focus condition, [1] Center of Pressure [CoP] total two-leg balance, CoP medio-lateral and CoP anterior-posterior for external-focus were lowered [P<0.05] and [2] Tibialis anterior and soleus for the leg, biceps brachii and triceps brachii for the arm, sternocleidomastoid and semispinalis capitis for external-focus were lowered [P<0.05]. Conclusion: Improved static balance responses and alterations in postural control were observed under external focus conditions. An external focus of attention may be the preferred method for facilitating balance control and muscle activation in an elderly retired man.

Highlights

Postural control entitled as “the human balance system” is defined as the ability to maintain the body's center of mass over its base of support [to see clearly while moving, identify orientation concerning gravity and automatic postural adjustments] in various conditions and activities [1]
Improved static balance responses and alterations in postural control were observed under external focus conditions
An external focus of attention may be the preferred method for facilitating balance control and muscle activation in an elderly retired man

Summary

Introduction

Postural control entitled as “the human balance system” is defined as the ability to maintain the body's center of mass over its base of support [to see clearly while moving, identify orientation concerning gravity and automatic postural adjustments] in various conditions and activities [1]. Balance control had been examined as an automatic or controlled reflective mechanism employing minimum attentional sources, but recent researches show important needs for balance control and attentional demands whose experience varies depending on the kind of postural activity, age, and balance abilities [12]. Chronic and acute diseases increase with age, while functional ability and sensory system and perception reduce. These biological, mental, and social changes threaten the life quality of the elderly [9]. The study of the balance and muscle activity of people in different patterns of attention can clarify the nature of the effect of attention instructions. Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the changes in different focus of attention instructions and quality of balance control and muscle activity in the elderly retired

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion