Balance And Kinematic Swing Sequence In Older Female Golfers

Abstract

Female golfers account for approximately 25% of the entire golfing population in the United States and 16% of female golfers are over the age of 60. While balance and golf swing kinematic sequence are frequently cited as important performance determinants, literature involving the older female golfer is limited. PURPOSE: To examine the balance profile (during specific dynamic tasks) and kinematic golf-swing pattern displayed in older female golfers. METHODS: Thirteen female golfers using a right-handed swing strategy (mean age ± SD, 67.5 ± 5.5) completed the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance and the Rhythmic Weight Shift (RWS) protocols in order to collect balance data. A golf-swing kinematic assessment was also performed. Three recorded drives were used to analyze the swing and establish a dominant sequence. Balance outcome data were examined with reference to established age-matched normal values. Golf-swing kinematic sequence patterns were compared between those participants within (N=7; mean age ± SD, 66.1 ± 5.2) and outside of (N=6; mean age ± SD, 69 ± 5.9) normal Forward-Backward Directional Control (FBDCL). RESULTS: All participants displayed normal directional velocity values for the RWS assessment but only half demonstrated normal FBDCL. The kinematic sequence analysis revealed that 53.8% of all participants optimally initiated the downswing by leading with the pelvis. Golfers with normal FBDCL (mean % time on axis ± SD, 79.1 ± 5.5), were more likely (71.4%) to initiate a normal kinematic swing sequence compared to 33.3% of those with abnormal FBDCL (mean % time on axis ± SD, 64 ± 7). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that this population of golfers may need to consider exercise or training programs designed to improve forward/backward dynamic balance control as a means to assist in optimizing the kinematic sequence and overall golf-swing performance.