Balance and Gait Analysis Following Uncoupled Cranks Cycling: A Pilot Study

Abstract

PURPOSE: Older adults suffer from muscle imbalances and coordination deficits that impact static balance and gait. Uncoupled cranks, such as PowerCranks™, have been shown to improve cycling efficiency and coordination through increased balance of agonist/antagonist muscle groups of the hips and lower extremities for active populations. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effects of short duration, uncoupled cranks training on static balance, step length and gait distribution time. METHODS: 19 college-aged individuals (8 male, 11 female, 23.5 ± 3.7 years) were divided into two groups, an uncoupled cranks intervention group (UCG, n=10) and a traditional cranks control group (CG, n=9). Both groups underwent baseline and post-intervention balance assessments using the Biodex Balance System Clinical Test for Sensory Integration of Balance (CTSIB), and gait analysis using the Biodex Gait Trainer 2. The intervention required both groups to cycle for 6 sessions at a cadence of 60 rpm for 5 min / session. The UCG used a Rev Master Spin Cycle equipped with PowerCranks™ and the CG rode a Monark™ stationary bike equipped with traditional cranks. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed for static balance on a firm surface, eyes closed or eyes open, nor on a foam surface, eyes closed or eyes open, between baseline and post-intervention measurements (p=0.05). No significant changes in step length for either leg occurred (p>0.05), however, a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention distribution of time spent on each foot was detected (p<0.05). No significant differences occurred between UCG or CG for balance assessments or gait analysis (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Results indicate the biomechanics of cycling, through either use of uncoupled or traditional cranks, impact gait distribution time. Neuromuscular adaptations in the hips and lower extremities may explain this, however, further research involving a larger sample population and subjects suffering from abnormal gaits due to muscular imbalances are warranted. Although the results for balance revealed no significant results, older adults suffering from balance impairments should also be assessed to determine if cycling is an appropriate method for improving static balance.