Baicalin promotes extracellular matrix synthesis in chondrocytes via the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.

Abstract

Chinese herbal extracts are being used increasingly to treat osteoarthritis (OA) in recent years. Baicalin (BA) is an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts and protects chondrocytes against damage. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanism of action of BA on chondrocytes from mouse articular cartilage. In total, 44 µM BA and 10 µM hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibitor BAY-87-2243 were screened by the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] method. Alcian blue and Safran O staining were used to investigate the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) in chondrocytes treated with BA. The expression of HIF-1α and chondrogenic marker genes including SOX9, AGG and Col2α was detected by western blotting or reverse-transcription quantitative (RT-qPCR), the expression of PHD1,2,3 and catabolic genes including ADAMTS5, MMP9 and MMP13 were detected by RT-qPCR. To investigate the effect of BA on the ECM synthesis of chondrocytes, 44 µM BA and 10 µM BAY were chosen for further experimentation. It was confirmed that BA at a concentration of 44 µM could significantly promote the secretion of ECM. The expressions of genes including HIF-1α, SOX9, collagen type 2 (Col2α) and aggrecan (AGG) were elevated following BA pretreatment and decreased by subsequent BAY-87-2243 stimulation for 24 h. Compared with untreated chondrocytes, the expressions of genes including ADAMTS5, MMP9, MMP13, PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 in chondrocytes treated by BA were downregulated, however, BAY-87-2243 reversed the effect of BA on the genes including ADAMTS5, MMP9, MMP13, PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 in chondrocytes. The findings of the present study suggest that BA may promote ECM synthesis and marker gene expression in chondrocytes by activating HIF-1α. Therefore, BA may represent a novel clinical drug for OA.