Abstract
Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée, is known as an important pest of maize, Zea mays L., in both whorl and reproductive stages. Management decisions based on egg-mass density is useful because decision is made before damage occurs. Observation on O. furnacalis egg-mass distribution in maize-field was carried out in Agricultural Training, Research, and Development Station (ATRD) UGM, Yogyakarta. The number of egg-masses laid on each plant surface in maize-field was sampled in reproductive stage of corn at 52 – 58 days after planting. The spatial dispersion was analyzed using the ratio variance-to-mean (σ2/μ = Iδ), Morista’s Index (Iγ), and the negative binomial parameter (κ-value). The results showed that horizontal and vertical distributions were aggregated distributions (σ2 > μ or σ2/μ > 1). In line with the increasing age of plant, the degree of clustering or aggregation likely tended to decline (the κ-value increased, Morisita index decreased) indicating the possible departure from aggregation to randomness (Poison distribution) due to the heterogeneity of the environment, such as microclimate, preferred parts of the plants, and occurrence of natural enemies. The results concluded that the horizontal and vertical distributions of egg-masses of O. furnacalis on corn in generative phase were clustered with the degree of clustering tended to decrease by the increase of age of corn. These findings provide the bases for further study on the ecology and biology of O. furnacalis for management decision-making process.
Highlights
Penggerek batang jagung (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) dikenal sebagai serangga hama penting pada tanaman jagung di wilayah Asia, termasuk Indonesia
Management decisions based on egg-mass density is useful because decision is made before damage occurs
The number of egg-masses laid on each plant surface in maize-field was sampled
Summary
Pengamatan terhadap penyebaran kelompok telur O. furnacalis dilakukan pada lahan jagung fase generatif di Kebun Pendidikan, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan Pertanian (KP4) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Pengamatan penyebaran kelompok telur O. furnacalis menggunakan metode stratifikasi, yaitu stratifikasi terhadap lahan, tanaman, dan daun. Jumlah kelompok telur dihitung pada setiap daun per tanaman dalam setiap petak contoh (strata lahan). Selanjutnya, tanaman yang ada dalam setiap strata lahan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga strata, yaitu pinggir, antara, dan tengah (Gambar 1). Sebaran vertikal atau sebaran kelompok telur pada daun ditentukan dengan menghitung jumlah kelompok telur yang ditemukan pada setiap strata daun yang ditetapkan, yaitu daun bawah, daun tengah, dan daun atas. Pengamatan penyebaran kelompok telur O. furnacalis dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah kelompok pada tanaman jagung berumur 52, 55, dan 58 hari setelah tanam (HST) dengan frekuensi pengamatan 3 hari sekali. Data jumlah kelompok telur (data kumulatif) yang ditemukan dalam setiap strata lahan, tanaman, dan daun ditentukan persentasenya dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Jumlah kelompok telur pada tanaman jagung dalam setiap strata pengamatan selama fase generatif
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